Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a general term that describes progressive respiratory diseases like emphysema and chronic bronchitis. COPD is characterized by decreased airflow over time, as well as inflammation of the tissues that line the airway.
Asthma is usually considered a separate respiratory disease, but sometimes it’s mistaken for COPD. The two have similar symptoms. These symptoms include chronic coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.

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According to the National Institutes of HealthTrusted Source (NIH), around 24 million Americans have COPD. About half of them don’t know that they have it. Paying attention to symptoms — especially in people who smoke, or even used to smoke — can help those with COPD get an earlier diagnosis. Early diagnosis can be crucial to preserving lung function in people with COPD.
About 40 percentTrusted Source of people who have COPD also have asthma. Asthma is considered a risk factor for developing COPD. Your chance of getting this dual diagnosis increases as you age.
Asthma and COPD may seem similar, but taking a closer look at the following factors can help you tell to the difference between the two conditions.
Age
Airway obstruction occurs with both diseases. The age of initial presentation is often the distinguishing feature between COPD and asthma.
People who have asthma are typically diagnosed as children, as noted by Dr. Neil Schachter, medical director of the respiratory care department of Mount Sinai Hospital in New York. On the other hand, COPD symptoms usually show up only in adults over the age of 40 who are current or former smokers, according to the NIHTrusted Source.

Read More At https://www.healthline.com/health/copd/asthma Source Of Blog Content.

The treatment of male factor infertility was revolutionized in 1992 when Palermo and co-workers introduced intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). With ICSI, embryologists use a micromanipulator to inject sperm directly into the egg (that has been retrieved as part of an IVF cycle). It was now possible for men with severe male factor infertility to father a child. ICSI can be used even in cases where the wife produces more eggs than the husband produces sperm!

Using high magnification, an oval-appearing motile sperm is selected for ICSI. When a sperm is motile— moving and swimming– it indicates that it is viable and therefore is capable of fertilizing the egg.

But, what is to be done when there are no motile sperm? This condition is called “absolute asthenozoospermia” and affects 1 in 5000 men. Ortega et al. discussed this issue in the journal Human Reproduction Update. Here is a summary of their findings.

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Causes of zero sperm motility (absolute azoospermia)

The two main causes of absolute azoospermia in ejaculated sperm are:

1. Ultrastructural defects in the sperm. This includes immotile-cilia syndrome (normal semen volume, sperm count and variable morphology, but motility is zero). Electron microscopy of sperm is done to confirm this diagnosis.
2. Necrozoospermia (where all sperm are dead). This can be due to:
   • Genital infections
   • Oxidative stress
   • Cryopreservation
   • Antisperm antibodies
   • Certain metabolic disorders affecting ATP production
   • Exposure to environmental pollutants
   • Delayed epididymal transport
   • Prolonged periods of anejaculation

Each one of these entities needs to be diagnosed and treated appropriately.

When testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) is done, that sperm is usually immotile due to metabolic sperm immaturity or attachment to Sertoli cells.

Treatment of azoospermia

To diagnose absolute azoospermia, the sperm sample should be produced after a standard abstinence period of 3 days. Care should be taken to examine the sample at 37 degrees C. It is extremely important to assess a second sample as sometimes, the second sample can contain motile sperm (even when the first one does not). Any infection present must be treated with antibiotics.

If no cause is found or no treatment is available, the only option is to carefully select sperm that can be used for ICSI.

If all sperm are dead (necrozoospermia), there is no point in using ejaculated sperm. In this situation, testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) may help. The procedure is preferably done on the day before egg retrieval. There have been cases where sperm of testicular origin started moving after overnight incubation in culture medium.

Testing immotile sperm for viability

Several techniques have been described to assess viability in immotile sperm. One is the hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) test and there is a mechanical touch technique. In the HOS test, the sperm are cultured in a solution that will permeate through the membrane of (only) a viable sperm. This makes the tail curl, making it possible to identify the sperm as being viable.

In the mechanical touch technique, the sperm is touched with the ICSI pipette. The test is considered to be positive if the tail bends and recovers to the initial position. Other techniques include exposure to pentoxifylline, using a non-contact 1.48 mm diode laser to induce sperm tail curling, and birefringence-polarization microscopy. There are no data indicating that one technique is better than the others.

The following figure shows steps that should be followed when treating a patient with absolute azoospermia:

Results

Success rates will vary depending on the ability to find viable sperm. There have been several small studies where the pregnancy rates vary from 3 – 76.4%.

Absolute azoospermia has a poor prognosis, especially when no viable sperm are detected. A thorough work up is indicated to diagnose and treat correctable factors.

Sourced From https://www.inviafertility.com/blog/infertility/drvkarande/what-can-be-done-when-sperm-motility-is-zero/ 

The American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association certainly grabbed the attention of us busy primary care physicians when they released their updated blood pressure guidelines.

The definition of the diagnosis of high blood pressure and the decision-making process surrounding its treatment have traditionally been quite individualized (read: all over the place). Personally, I invite these stricter measures, because they are accompanied by solid research, logistical guidance, and useful management strategies.

However, a whole heck of a lot of people just got pulled into a significant medical diagnosis.

Let’s review what’s new.

A new definition of high blood pressure (hypertension)

(Please note that all numbers refer to mm Hg, or, millimeters of mercury.) The guidelines, in a nutshell, state that normal blood pressure is under 120/80, whereas before normal was under 140/90.

Now, elevated blood pressure (without a diagnosis of hypertension) is systolic blood pressure (the top number) between 120 and 129. That used to be a vague category called “prehypertension.”

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Stage 1 high blood pressure (a diagnosis of hypertension) is now between 130 and 139 systolic or between 80 and 89 diastolic (the bottom number).

Stage 2 high blood pressure is now over 140 systolic or 90 diastolic.

The measurements must be obtained from at least two careful readings on at least two different occasions. What does careful mean? The guidelines provide a six-step tutorial on how, exactly, to correctly measure a blood pressure, which, admittedly, is sorely needed. My patients often have their first blood pressure taken immediately after they have rushed in through downtown traffic, as they’re sipping a large caffeinated beverage. While we always knew this could result in a falsely elevated measurement, it is now officially poor clinical technique resulting in an invalid reading.

New recommendations on monitoring blood pressure

The new guidelines also encourage additional monitoring, using a wearable digital monitor that continually takes blood pressure readings as you go about your life, or checked with your own cuff at home. Read More At https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/new-high-blood-pressure-guidelines-2017111712756 Original Source Of Blog Content.

COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. As the disease primarily affects the respiratory system, people with moderate to severe asthma who develop COVID-19 may be at higher risk of developing severe symptoms.

People with asthma may have concerns about how COVID-19 will affect them. The best way to reduce the risk of developing severe illness from COVID-19 is by controlling the condition and maintaining consistent infection prevention habits.

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Keep reading to learn more about how COVID-19 may affect a person with asthma, including what the research says so far, the risks, and the precautions people should take.

Stay informed with live updates on the current COVID-19 outbreak and visit our coronavirus hub for more advice on prevention and treatment.

How does COVID-19 affect people with asthma? 

Asthma is a chronic lung condition that affects the airways and causes inflammation. This inflammation causes spasms and narrowing of the airways, which leads to wheezing, breathlessness, and coughing.

Generally, when a person contracts a respiratory virus, the infection sets the body’s immune response in motion. In people with asthma, this can lead to an overproduction of substances that only worsen inflammation.

COVID-19 is slightly different. It causes an inflammatory process inside lung tissue rather than the usual bronchial inflammation that occurs in asthma.

Respiratory viral infections, such as COVID-19, can trigger and worsen asthma symptoms. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), it can also lead to pneumonia in people with moderate to severe asthma. Read More At https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/covid-19-asthma#covid-19-and-asthma Source Of Blog Content.

Careprost eye drop is used to treat intraocular hypertension in humans. Intraocular Hypertension is kind of a disease where the fluid pressure increases in the eyes. Another disease that Careprost Eye Drops teats is open-angle glaucoma. It is a progressive disease where the person suffering can be partially blind. The topical ophthalmic form of this medicine also treats the lack of eyelash in the human eye. Constant and routine use of this medicine can help you grow thick, long and black eye-lash. Careprost is not recommended to use on under 16 patients. 

Usages of Careprost Eye-drops

· Intraocular Hypertension

The ophthalmic form of Careprost eye drops is used to treat the high fluid pressure in the eyes. Regular use of Over the counter Careprost eye-drops can reduce the fluid pressure inside the eyes. 

· Open-angle Glaucoma

The ophthalmic form of careprost eye-drops also helps in regulating the fluid pressure in the eyes of the patients suffering from open-angle glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma is the condition where the progressive damage of the optic nerve eventually leads to vision loss. In this case, the patient can lose their vision completely in the long run if not taken care properly. 

Side-effects of Careprost eyedrops

Buy Authentic Careprost Canada  but before that, you must know some major & minor side-effects of this eye drops are:

• blindness
• blurred vision
• double vision
• change in colour vision
• changing in eye colour
• eye discharge
• headache
• increased ingrown hair
• burning and itching sensation in the eyes
• swelling of the eyes
• pain in the eye

Some concerns about careprost eye drop

Careprost eye drops usually take 4 hours to start its action. And a solid monitor of 2 months can tell if the patient needs any addition or subtraction in the dosage. The effect of this eye drop usually lasts for 12-24 hours. And even if you stop taking this medicine the effect will last up to 4 weeks after discontinuation. If you are an alcoholic then ask the doctor first if it is safe to consume alcohol while on this medication. Using it while you are pregnant or breastfeeding is not recommended unless necessary. Buy careprost 3ml eye drops if you are willing to buy them online. 

General warning of using Careprost eye drops

If you wear soft contact lenses then using this eye drop is strictly prohibited while you are wearing them. Remove the contact lens before the applying of the eye drop and then reinsert then after a gap of 15-20 minutes. If the cap of the eye drop is open then it can catch bacteria and cause infection in the cornea better known as bacterial keratitis. Some patients face blurry vision or double vision while driving or riding so you are suggested to avoid driving or bike riding while on this eye drop. Buy Careprost Online USA as they are cheaper online than in the medical stores. 

Eye drops are easy to use and show result fast as well but before start using them, you must know the things mentioned above so make sure you read the whole article in case you are willing to buy them. 

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